The poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild.) Mexico is a crop that is produced in large quantities at Christmas. Producers who cultivate it provides high income per unit area due to strong demand and high prices achieved in the market during the period in the 15 November to 15 December.
In Mexico, their cultivation began in the early 70's with the introduction of improved varieties, and has demonstrated a substantial increase in recent years, it is estimated that in 1980 there were 200 000 poinsettias and in 1990, 1 500 000. For 1991 the estimated production of 1 800 000 units. In 1994 may have produced some of 2 500 000. Plants in different presentations. These figures were provided by nurseries PLANTEC.
producing areas
The main producing areas poinsettia in our country are located in the state of Morelos and in Xochimilco, Mexico City and other locations recently as Queretaro, Guerrero, Colima, Nuevo Leon, Michoacan, Jalisco and the state of Mexico has begun production.
Importance of culture
consumer preference for purchasing this product is constantly increasing, but also the quality requirements are increasing, forcing to perform the duties of cultivating the best way, since the purchase or production of seedlings, preparation of substrates, pinch, pruning, fertilization, irrigation, in order the whole series of activities that includes the production of the crop until it is ready for sale, in order to improve quality, lower costs and time invested in this production process.
Usually most producers and especially those who begin with the production of poinsettia, unaware of the importance of crop management under greenhouse conditions in order to get a better plant quality and best prices in this market.
The poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild.) In our country is a potted crop that produces significant quantities holiday season. For producers who cultivate it provides high income per unit area due to strong demand and high prices achieved in the market during the period 15 November to 15 December. History
crop
The poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild), is native to tropical areas Mexico and Central America (Guatemala) (8Medina, 1991) now can be found wild in western slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental in the states of Sinaloa, Nayarit, Colima, Michoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas ( Saldaña, 1992).
The poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild), also known as poinsettia, Christmas flower, Christmas flower poinsettia, is native of Taxco, Guerrero, Mexico.
Aztecs cultivated it before the English arrived and called her "Cuetlaxochitl" which in Nahuatl means "skin deep" or "leather flower", by the appearance of the bracts. Due to its bright color for the Aztecs the flower was a symbol of purity. However, it also gave practical use to the plant, and bracts they extracted from a red-purple ink and latex used it to prepare a counter fever medicine (Saldaña, 1992).
The Franciscan Fathers established near Taxco in the seventeenth century began to use the Christmas Eve celebrations in the Holy Nativity, beginning the tradition of this plant for the Christmas season. This custom was written by Don Hernando Ruiz de Alarcón in a letter to his brother Don Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, the famous English writer. John Balme, a botanist at the time , Described the poinsettia plant in his writings, citing large green leaves and small flowers surrounded by bracts way of protection. Bracts, he said, had a bright red color. Blame poinsettia plants also found on hillsides and in valleys near Cuernavaca (Saldaña, 1992).
poinsettia plants were first introduced to America in 1825 by Joel Robert Poinsett. While working as an ambassador for Him. U. in Mexico, he visited Taxco and found that poinsettia plants growing on the slopes. Poinsett, who was a good botanist sent some plants home from Geenville, Southern California (Barnes, et al., 1996).
After forming his own greenhouses, Poinsett plants distributed to various botanical gardens and a few friends in whom was John Bartram of Philadelphia. Bartram, in turn, gave ground to Robert Buist, a Nurseryman, which sold the plant as Euphorbia poinsettia. The name of poinsettia, however remained the accepted name for this plant for English speakers (Barnes, et al., 1996). Economic importance
poinsettia cultivation has spread in the times of the holidays, not only in our country also in Canada and the United States between others as well in recent years on Christmas Eve or poinsettias as they are known in other countries has been increasing its sales and production units, so it can be considered of high potential, especially in countries south of our continent and in European countries (Sánchez, 1979).
Besides being one of the most important container crop in our country and the main flower is produced, because it requires much labor for cultivation throughout the production process (Ruiz, 1996).
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